To put out small fires gases, flammable liquids, electrical equipment with voltage up to 1kV, metals and alloys typically used powder fire extinguishers. Powder extinguishers are not designed to quenching substances which burn without oxygen may (for example alkali and alkaline earth metals). The effect of extinguishing powder is based on the isolation of the source of combustion and preventing access of oxygen to the fire, as well as Inhibition of combustion (ie slowing him). In fact, the same principle as a carbon dioxide fire extinguishers. The main difference is that the powder does not carry electric current, and hence such extinguishers You can extinguish electrical (as opposed to carbon dioxide).

The principle of operation is based on the extinguisher powder fire extinguishing powder (with open valve closure) with compressed gas in cylinder. By way of displacement charge fire extinguishers can be divided into zakachnye and gas-generating. In zakachnyh extinguishers displacement charge proshodit by working gas in the tank under pressure. In gas-generating extinguishers vytesenenie charge is due to chemical reaction and separation of working gas from gas-generating element. The working gas is typically used dioxide carbon (CO2). Fire extinguishers can be operated with different types of powder. Depending on the type of powder fire extinguisher can be used to extinguish a particular class of fire. As a rule, the following types of powder: IF A, B, C, E DPM-3 B, C, E PCCs B, C, D, E Pirant A, B, C, E * Currently, there are a lot of powder.

Figure. Get more background information with materials from Ping Fu. The design of a powder extinguisher. 1 – Gun 2 – lever, 3 – arm, 4 – Seal 5 – siphon tube, 6 – container, 7 – needle, 8 – housing, 9 – check. In our country, powder fire extinguishers are a series of OP (manual and portable fire extinguishers), as well as various options extinguisher, automatic powder fire extinguishers (powder fire ins.) Operation dry powder fire extinguishers with dry powder to be applied the following measures: 1) Check the pressure of working gas – at least 1 time per year, and 2) Check the status of fire extinguishing powder – at least 1 time in 5 years, 3) Re-examination of a fire extinguisher – at least 1 time in 5 years. History of dry powder fire extinguishers first hand domestic powder fire extinguishers were made in the early 30s. They were not widespread because of low efficiency. The quality of the powder was very low. Fire extinguishers, actuated by the method of shaking. In the late 60s produced a fire extinguisher OP-1 ‘satellite’.

These factors, in turn, depend on the optimal timing and load of diesel, a uniform distribution of the cylinders, fuel system work perfectly, the normal course of thermal process. Regulate marine diesel usually after installation on the ship, repair, bulkheads separate details of the mechanism of gas distribution, gas pumps, piston, changes in operating conditions swimming, as well as defects in the work. Regulation can be divided into the following stages: pre-regulation for non-working machine on the factory data and instructions, management of the so-called the indicator process (indicator diagram, the values of temperature and pressure of gas, air, cooling water, lube oil, etc.), mode selection and power control. In the first (preliminary) stage regulation include: checking and setting the geometric and timing necessary values the compression chamber in the engine cylinders, control of fuel injectors and fuel pumps. Pre-regulation should preceded by a detailed study of the passport marine diesel engine and its performance. In addition, you must carefully read the design of the engine and take them into account regulation. Installation and management of geometric phase distribution in the following order: check correctness of pointer dead pixels, set the required clearance between the rollers service valves and washers fist; verify the correctness of camshaft position is determined by the pre-compiled pattern valve timing.

Simultaneously check the state of boxing washers rollers, adjusting screws, etc. The normal value of the compression chamber is determined by its size and height. Chamber volume is most often found by filling it with oil, and height, ie, a value showing the distance from the top of the piston at his position at top dead center (ie VM) to the cylinder cover – is measured by lead-print.